New Breakthroughs For Diabetes

New Breakthroughs of Diabetes

Daniel Albornoz

       Diabetes, is it curable? Diabetes has been around for ages threatening people's health , but there are multiple new breakthroughs that can get humanity's path to the cure of Diabetes. There are new treatments to Diabetes,new breakthroughs to Diabetes, different types of Diabetes, background information, and much more that needs to be discussed. Diabetes is an epidemic and needs to be stopped. 

        The background and the understanding of Diabetes is very vast and can help scientists discover ways to create treatments and methods to end Diabetes once and for all. You may be wondering, what is Diabetes? Diabetes is an epidemic disease and is killing many people out there (Sharma 2010, 1). Two hundred and twenty million people are affected by it in the world with one million people being added to the count each year (Sharma 2010, 2). It mostly affects India with India having fifty million affected just there (Bagla 2010, 3). If you have Diabetes, then you can not create insulin, the hormone that allows the body to change starches, sugar and other sources of food into energy for your body (Doneth 2007, 1).  The scientific name for Diabetes is Diabetes mellitus (Sharma 2010, 3). There are three kinds of Diabetes. They are Type 1 Diabetes, when the body can not produce insulin and this victim needs insulin shots and this disease is with five percent of Diabetics (Sharma 2010, 4). There are victims with Type 2 Diabetes, the most common type of Diabetes, in which the body does not react to insulin, is resistant to it, and this results as the blood sugar not getting into cells for energy. The other ninety five percent of Diabetics have Type 2 (Sharma 2010, 5). Type 3 Diabetes is still unknown and is being studied (Sharma 2010, 6). Diabetes and most Diabetes 2 victims have an increased risk of stroke, a heart attack, kidney disease, and eye disease (Fuchs 2011, 1). Receiving health care for Diabetes costs about 1,079 dollars per victim every year totaling up to one hundred and seventy four dollars for all of America a year simply for the treatments (Hethcock 2010, 3).  Without insulin injections everyday, the patients could pass out for a while (Bateman 2009, 5). There was a study to find death rates of people with and without Diabetes found in "New England Journal of Medicine and it was found that people with Diabetes are more likely to die of strokes, heart attacks, kidney disease, and more likely to die from liver disease, cancer, infectious disease and possibly suicide. At a mean, a fifty year old person with Diabetes at the start of they study died six years earlier than a healthy studied person without Diabetes of the same age, gender, amount he or she smokes, and the Body Mass Index (Fuchs 2011, 4). Although, if Diabetics do get their medication everyday like they need to, then they can live a full healthy life (Hicks 2007, 1). Diabetes is affecting people everywhere and needs to be stopped. 

        Diabetes was fairly treatable, but can be treated easier and more effectively with new revolutionary breakthroughs. "A new set of genes which further explain the causes of late-onset diabetes have been discovered by Edinburgh University researchers" ( Bell 2010, 1). There was a team of numerous scientists from one hundred and seventy four research centers that contributed to one of the genetic studies to date in forever (Bell 2010, 2). With these studies of these new genes influencing blood sugar levels, is the thing you must do first to start your journey to making new therapies for Diabetes (Bell 2010, 3). There were more than twenty thousand people getting involved to research the isolation of exactly which genes that are involved in the control of glucose in the bloodstream (Bell 2010, 5). They learned that there are nine specific genes that directly affect the blood sugar control and they increase the chance of getting late onset diabetes (Bell 2010, 6). It is hoped by scientists that in ten years, we will be able to find out the people who are vulnerable to this disease and give them some medicine that will prevent them ever from getting this horrible disease (Bell 2010, 9). Somewhere else, on the other side of the earth, there are people in Australia trying to find new breakthroughs for this disease. Australians think that they found out how to regulate blood sugar levels everyday that they have to live and researchers are talking about this to each other with one researcher saying," We're really excited about this because there are no treatments for type 1 diabetes" (Bateman 2009, 1).

Since the only things today are insulin injections, Diabetics are not safe enough because the body regulates glucose levels much more efficiently and the too high or too low sugar levels can cause vital organs to be damaged (Bateman 2009, 3). When you have Type 1 Diabetes, you can get heart disease, strokes, kidney failure, and peripheral vascular disease that only does not show visually until adulthood and without the injections you will probably have a fatal coma (Bateman 2009, 5). Researchers at the Sydney Institute have discovered a compound that has been already tested in humans with auto-immune diseases that possibly could block the cells that cause type 1 Diabetes. "'All immune cells talk to each other with various hormones,... and we've found this drug is an inhibitor of one of those hormones', Grey said" (Bateman 2009, 6). This therapy had a one hundred percent chance success to the mice in the laboratory trials and they received one hundred percent life long protection. These mice had vulnerability to the disease with a seventy percent to ninety percent chance of getting the disease. Grey predicted that those with type 1 Diabetes would receive vaccinations over four weeks and they should be immune to the disease. Even if delayed by ten years, it is an amazing achievement (Bateman 2009, 7). There were also two more recent breakthroughs occurring somewhere in the world (Sharma 2010, 8). One of those breakthroughs happened in the end of June and it was a drug developed by Flinders Medical Centre Researchers in Australia ( Sharma 2010, 9). The second one was from New Delhi on July 13th, 2010 and it is an insulin shot that has a longer lifespan than before ( Sharma 2010, 9). Dapagliflozin, this long complicated name, is the drug that has given some hope worldwide in curbing, or curing, Type 2 Diabetes ( Sharma 2010, 10). Recent discoveries found by Bristol Myers Squibb and Astra Zeneca PLC show there are greatly high reductions in levels of A1C, something commonly used to measure blood sugar, and it is shown on patients that are in the formative stage of Type 2 Diabetes and the patients whose disease has reached the point where they need insulin shots, as well ( Sharma 2010, 11).

There is a drug that the class belongs to and that class is called Sodium-Glucose transporter-inhibitor (Sharma 2010, 12). The methodology that is used is blocking the SGLT2 protein which increases the amount of glucose that is inside with the urine ( Sharma 2010, 13). This helps people in losing weight since one of the absolute needed requirements of Type 2 Diabetes Patients is weight loss ( Sharma 2010, 13). Study was made over a time period of twenty four weeks (Sharma 2010, 14). The patients were divided into groups that received dosages once a day of two and a half milligrams, five milligrams, ten milligrams and a placebo (Sharma 2010, 14). Three quarters of a percent of A1C was seen at the lowest level of dosage, with eighty two hundredths of a percentage at five milligrams, nine tenths of a percentage at ten milligrams and 3 tenths of a percentage at the placebo group (Sharma 2010, 14). An "off shoot" benefit of the drug was the weight that you lose when the calories were released ( Sharma 2010, 15). Ninety eight hundredths of a percentage was the number found decreased, on average, after a time period of twenty four weeks or six months on the lower dosage ( Sharma 2010, 15). One and sixty seven hundredths of kilograms with 10 milligrams of placebo showed slight weight gain (Sharma 2010, 15). As well it showed a small decrease in the levels of Blood Pressure which is an ameliorating, or improving, side effect (Sharma 2010, 16). Although, there were some signs of urinary traction, constant urge to pee, and this happens with other drugs of the same class (Sharma 2010, 17). But the amount of patients who opted out of this was a small percentage and the percentage was a very small one percent in each group of this experiment (Sharma 2010, 17). The next step in this the complex testing and researchers that are looking to administer this drug on men that are older than forty five years old and on the women that are above fifty years old, and they are also suffering from Type 2 Diabetes (Sharma 2010, 18).

There is a new type of insulin shot and it is called Super Insulin (Sharma 2010, 19). If you are a person suffering from Type 1 Diabetes, you would normally need to take insulin injections once or twice a day, and this insulin shot lasts up to eighteen hours(Sharma 2010, 19). Say Goodbye to Pain! There is a team of Indian scientists that have discovered a new type of insulin that could possibly aid in reducing dramatically the blood sugar of Diabetics which is known as Super Insulin (Sharma 2010, 20). This was a very difficult discovery and took around two million and two years for scientists to come up with this ingenious solution (Sharma 2010, 20)! This was found by researchers treating natural human insulin at different chemical and temperature conditions and this combination made insulin (Sharma 2010, 20). Diabetes Foundation (In India) Chairman, Anoop Misra, honored this new breakthrough and explained how excited he was about this (Sharma 2010, 21). Tested on rats so far, the team was able to control the sugar levels by giving an insulin shot just once every three months instead of the usual once every eighteen hours, which saves a lot more time and pain (Sharma 2010, 21). This technology has been patented, commercialized and licensed to Life Science Pharmaveuticals in Connecticut (Sharma 2010, 22). Next up are humans being tested, and then if everything happens correctly like it should, the drug will be available in the market very soon. With these amazing new breakthroughs, the cure to Diabetes is just around the corner.

        Diabetes is one of the most horrible diseases in the world  and researchers are on there way to cure it. Scientists have invented ways to treat Diabetes, studied the different types of Diabetes, and are trying to find new ways to help Diabetics. With the new studies, Diabetes will be stopped. It is just a matter of determination to end it.

Bagla, 2010  http://www.Gambassa.com/public/collaborations/810/334/2223/Bagla, Pallava 2010.html

Bateman, 2009 http://www.Gambassa.com/public/collaborations/810/334/2241/Bateman, Chris  (Science Journal).html

Bell, 2010 http://www.Gambassa.com/public/collaborations/810/334/2240/Bell, Adam 2010  (Science Journal).html

Doneth, 2007 http://www.Gambassa.com/public/collaborations/810/334/2227/Doneth, Andrea 2007.html

Fuchs, 2011 http://www.Gambassa.com/public/collaborations/810/334/2237/Fuchs, Albert M_D 2011  (Science Journal).html

Hethcock, 2010 http://www.Gambassa.com/public/collaborations/810/334/2234/Hethcock, Bill 2010  (Science Journal).html

Hicks, 2007 http://www.Gambassa.com/public/collaborations/810/334/2221/Hicks, Jennifer 2009.html

Sharma, 2010 http://www.Gambassa.com/public/collaborations/810/334/2231/Sharma, Aatish 2010.html