Project: Report Project

Rebecca Oliver Five Species Report
Project Name : Rebecca Oliver Five Species Report
Description : Five species report: Most invasive species, most endangered species, favorite keystone species, coolest predator adaptation, coolest prey adaptation
Carbon Reduction : 0.00
Gambassa Point : 60.00
Manager
Ken Pitts
Ken Pitts
Implementor
Rebecca Oliver
Rebecca Oliver
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What is the title of your report?
Five Species Report
Report:

Most Invasive




  European rabbits traveled with the first ships that sailed to Australia and promptly took up residence there when they were released by Thomas Austin for his future hunting pleasure (1).  The rapid rate of reproduction amongst the rabbits coupled with Australia's ideal habitat that serves as a natural protection from predators allowed the species to flourish (1).  From the twenty-four original rabbits that were released, the population has expanded to include up to 1500 rabbits per kilometer, spanning across a great deal of the Australian mainland (2).  The government implemented various programs in order to keep the rabbits in check, including electric fences and even a disease called the myxoma virus (2).  The rabbits have posed a severe problem, as they voraciously consume mass quantities of Australian plant life and cause the extinction of competing species and plants that they have eaten (3).  The European rabbit population in Australia continues to be a problem to this day, and no permanent solution has been introduced in order to control their expansion.  They clearly exhibit the qualities of being the most invasive species in the world.
Common Name: European Rabbit
Scientific Name: Oryctolagus cuniculus
Where on Earth is it a problem: Australia
Where did it come from?: Spain and southern France (1).

Most Endangered

The Iberian lynx is considered to be a "big cat", a classification also given to lions, tigers, panthers, etc.  While they once were populous along the Iberian peninsula, their natural habitat, they have dwindled to approximately 110 individuals (4).  The World Union for Nature has declared that the Iberian lynx is the "most endangered feline species" (4).  The big cats' situation grows more precarious by the year.  Many experts believe that unless something is done, the Iberian lynx will surely go extinct.  If this unfortunate event does occur, the Iberian lynx would be the first feline to become extinct since the saber-toothed tiger.
Common Name: Iberian Lynx
Scientific Name: Lynx pardinus
Where does it live?: The Iberian lynx is known to live in Southern Europe, specifically throughout the Iberian Peninsula.

Favorite Keystone

The sea otter is a hugely important species, especially to the aquatic life zones off the coast of California.  The otters view sea urchins as a delicacy, and eat them regularly.  This is crucial to maintaining the habitat, as a surplus of urchins leads to a diminishing area of kelp forest (urchins' main source of food), which in turn results in a drop in fish populations that utilize the kelp as an area to spawn (5).  The entire ecosystem collapses; the food web is horrendously disrupted.  The sea otter's role as a keystone species in this area is absolutely crucial!

Common Name: Sea Otter
Scientific Name: Enhydra lutris
Where does it live?: The sea otter can be found in coastal regions in the North Pacific Ocean's eastern side, especially near Alaska and California.

Coolest Predator Adaptation


The Great Horned Owl has a slue of adaptations that allow it to be an unparalleled predator.  They can, of course, rotate their heads an astounding 270 degrees in either direction.  The shape of their face coupled with their facial discs allow for sound to be funneled towards their ears, so that even minute noises can be detected (6).  For another matter, Great Horned Owls are silent killers.  Their feathers are light around the edges so that each flap of their huge wings is relatively noiseless (7).  By this, prey are not forewarned of the owl's approach and thus, cannot flee.  Finally, the zygodactylous talons of Great Horned Owls enable them to grab prey with greater force and keep them from falling as they fly off with their meal (7).  These traits allow Great Horned Owls to be a fearsome predator.

Common Name: Great Horned Owl
Scientific Name: Bubo virginianus
Where does it live?: The great horned owl can be found in various regions spotted throughout North and South America.

Coolest Prey Adaptation



The Basilisk Lizard (also known as the "Jesus lizard") has an amazing ability; it can literally walk on water!  The process is somewhat complicated, but in a nutshell, the lizards push the water with their feet in such a manner that their bodies stay upright and do not sink (8).  It uses a "slap, stroke, recovery" technique with lateral forces in order to accomplish this task (8).  Their feet have special little appendages that flair out in order to help them to "push" on the water and run (9).  This amazing feat allows them to flee from predators in a unique and unmatched way.

Common Name: Basilisk Lizard
Scientific Name: Basiliscus plumifrons
Where does it live?: The basilisk lizard is found primarily in Latin America in an area spanning from Mexico to Ecuador.
Bibliography:
1. http://www.feral.org.au/pest-species/rabbit/
2. http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/journal/rabbits-from-pest-to-plate.htm
3. http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/invasive/publications/pubs/rabbit.pdf
4. http://www.worldwildlife.org/species/finder/iberianlynx/iberianlynx.html
5. http://www.exploringnature.org/db/detail.php?dbID=7&detID=77
6. http://www.owlpages.com/articles.php?section=Owl+Physiology&title=Hearing
7. http://enabled-gardener.com/michigannaturalhistory/owl.html
8. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/11/1116_041116_jesus_lizard.html
9. http://www.doesgodexist.org/JanFeb98/TheLizardThatWalksOnWater.html

Greentorch photoluminescent exit signs help the environment by using no electricity, no batteries, and last longer than other self-luminous exit signs. Gambassa's "Energy efficiency and exit signs" project curriculum teaches students how to generate income by using available utility retrofit rebate programs to replace incandescent exit signs. Earn while you learn.